Casting metal ingots



(No Model.) 7 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. ILLINGWORTH.

CASTING METAL INGOTS.

No. 390,861. Patented Oct. 9, 1888.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Mbdel J. ILLINGWORTH. CASTING METAL INGOTS.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets'-Sh'eet 3.

J. ILLINGWORTH.

CASTING METAL INGOTS.

N0. 390,86 Patented Oct. 9, 1888.

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JOHN ILLINGWORTH, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

cAsrme METAL INeoTs.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 390,861, dated October 9, 1888.

Application filed July 9, 1888. Serial No. 279,373. (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JOHN ILLINGwoRTH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Casting Oompound Ingots; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descrip tion ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The object of this invention is to facilitate the operation of casting compound ingots for manufacturing skates or dies, &c., in which one portion of the ingot is of a grade of steel or metal differing from the other portion in hardness or other qualities.

Theinvention consists in theimproved mechanism for casting compound ingots, having the arrangements and combinations of parts substantially as will be hereinafter set forth, and finally embodied in the clauses of the claim.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, embraced in three sheets, in which like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each of the several figures, Figure I is an elevation of the improved mechanism,shown in connection with an ordinary pit, parts of the mechanism being in section or broken away to show the construction more clearly. Fig. 2 is a plan of the said pitand theingot-forming mechanism in connection therewith. Fig. 2 is an elevation of a brick used in connection with the ducts for supplying the mold with metal. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a certain mold in which the first casting is held, and Fig. 3 a key-b0lt employed therewith. Fig. 4 is a view of the mold enlarged and ready for a second casting. Figs. 5 and 6 are vertical sectional views of the said mold, the section being taken on line a: of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the device, illustrating the process of casting.

In said drawings, a indicates the gr0und,in which the ordinary pit, a, is formed or dug, the said pit being walled with masonry in any suitable manner. Upon the bottom of the pit is arranged or formed a suitable foundation or bed, b, ofiron, having on the upper face thereof suitable channels or runners which lead to certain molds c. Said molds are separable from said bed, and the said channels or runners are preferably lined with fire-brick, 6 or equivalent plates, or are perforated bricks, the perforations I), Fig. 2, forming suitable ducts adapted to lead off the molten metal from the standing runner d, having a funnel, (2, top thereof to the mold.

I prefer to arrange the molds in pairs, as

shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and in that case I extend the runners or ducts in the bed and provide the same with two outlets,cc,extending upward into the mold-chamber of both of said molds.

The construction of the mold is substantially as shown in Figs. '1, 3, 4, 5, and G, in which indicates a mold-body having the three side plates, 0 and top all cast in one integral piece, the fourth side of the mold-body being open, as at 0 Fig. 1, and adapted to receive side plates or covers, fg, separable from the bed b. The mold-body is preferably held in a fixed position on the bottom by suitable keys,h,and

lugs or bearings h, cast upon the bed. The said keys are preferably in the form of wedges, whereby the said molds are held rigidly and firmly upon the bed, so that the said moldbodies will not be displaced in the operation of casting, and yet said bodies may be readily disconnected from the bed after the operation of casting, when it is desired to remove the mold-body from the ingot cast therein.

In lieu of the keys and lugs formed on the bed, other suitable means may be provided to hold the said molds in position, or said molds may be held, when of a large size, in position by their own weight.

At the top of the mold-bodies the same are provided with eyes 17 or other equivalent means, whereby the said bodies may be secured to a chain connected with a hydraulic crane, and thus hooked from the bed-plate in the operation of removing the said bodies from the ingot. The said mold bodies at the sides thereof adjacent to the separable side plates are provided with lugs t, adapted to provide bearings for certain hooks connected with the separable side plates.

at the In the operation of casting the separable plates f are first applied to the open side of the moldbodies, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 5. This plate presents a flat face to the moldbody, closing the mold and forming a chamber of a size equal to the size of the first layer of the ingot. The chamber being thus closed, the molten metal is poured through the funnel d and passes down through the runners and into the mold, filling the same, the top plate of the mold-body being provided with a vent, 3', whereby the air in said mold is allowed to escape. By thus flowing the metal from the bottom the metal is prevented from boiling or being mixed with air to an injurious extent, and thus the bulk of the ingot is made more solid and otherwise more perfect. After thus casting the bulk or larger body of the ingot, the separable plate f is removed, and in lieu thereof the separable plate g is arranged in front of the mold-body. The said plate 9 is provided with side pieces or flanges, g, which coincide with the lateral sides of the mold body in such a manner as to form between the ingot-layer first cast and the front plate, g of the said separable plate 9 a chamber, 9, to receive the metal of the first casting. The up per end of said plate g is open, as indicated at 9, Fig. 4, through which the metal to form the second casting may be poured.

Where the second casting is made of a very large size, or where it is to be of considerable thickness, I may employ a runner for the metal, connecting with the chamber 9*,- but in ordinary practice, where the second casting is to be comparatively thin, I prefer the use of the top opening, 9, and the method employed of casting therethrough.

The second casting follows the first as soon thereafter as the first casting has become sufficiently hardened to sustain its own weight, the metal of the first casting being at the time of casting the second casting at a degree of heat commonly known as red-short, the two layers of differing metal becoming firmly and perfectly welded together, so that subsequently the ingots can be hammered or otherwise worked without any danger of separation.

To enable me to remove the separable covers from the body portion of the mold by means of a crane, hereinafter referred to, I have provided the separable covers or plates f g with perforated lugs 7c is, and into the same are arranged hooked bolts Z Z, the said bolts being provided at one end with a hook or stay, at, adapted to engage thelugs t on the side of the mold opposite said separable plates, and at the other end said bolts are provided with keyholes N, Fig. 3, the ends of the bolts having said key-holes being formed to pass through the perforations in the lugs 7c, and, extending therethrough, to bring the eyes or key-holesn 011 the side of the lugs opposite that toward the lugs Into said key-holes n are passed wedged'shaped keys o,the larger ends of which are placed downward, so that the said keys may be driven from the plates very quickly.

The separable covers are forced into their closed engagement with the bottom of the mold by said keys, as will be understood.

By forcing the keys downward by striking the upper ends thereof with a hammer the bolts are loosened from their engagement with the lugs t, and thus upward draft on the separable plates removes them from the bodies of the molds.

By the arrangement thus described the process of removing the separable covers can be done with greater facility than heretofore, the time required being ordinarily not more than one minute and a quarter.

To remove the covers from both molds at the same time, employing but a single crane, S, I yoke the separable covers or side plates together, as indicated in Fig. 1, inwhichp is the yoke, having a suitable eye, 1), to receive the crane-chain p", and eyes 12", to receive eyes 12 on the plates or covers fg. The said covers are thus connected together and are balanced on the yoke, so that when the latter is raised by the crane the two mold covers or plates are raised uniformly together away from the moldbodies. Said covers or plates may be connected by a bar, m, to prevent the said plates from swinging into contact; but said bar may be dispensed with, and I do not show it in all of the figures. The outer faces of the covers or plates are provided withstrengtheningribs m which may be formed on or secured to said plates in any suitable manner.

The chain 11', which connects the crane-arm with the mold-covers or separable plates f, first employed in casting, is shorter than the chain g, which connects the second plate, 9, of the said separable plates. Thus, when the craneis at the lowest end of its stroke and the first of the said plates is in position in connection with the moldbody, by raising the crane the said plates f are raised from engagement with the mold'body and the second of said plates is raised to a vertical position and brought into line with the open sides of the said mold-body, as will be understood upon reference to Fig. 7. The said mold-cover or separable plateg and long chain qare connected with a carriage, 0', which runs on the jib or arm r of the crane, so that when the said plate or cover 9 is brought to a vertical position, as described, in line with the open mold'body, the plate can be readily pushed toward said open mold-body and the hook at brought into connection with the lugs t. The inclines on said lugs are sufficient of themselves to draw the cover into intimate contact or relation with the 1nold-'body, when the said cover orplate is allowed to lower by lowering the crane, even without tightening the keys 0, although I prefer, after the second cover is in place, to tighten up the said keys 0 to bring the cover into more intimate contact with the body.

In casting the compound ingots by the improved device thus described the separable ITO covers connected with the jib of the crane and the coversfare arranged against the moldbody, as described. Molten metal is then poured into the runners, and the same rises in the mold, filling the same, and the metal thus east is allowed to harden. As soon as it will bear its own weight, the coversf are removed and the covers 9* are arranged in connection therewith, forming the chamber 9. This is done by elevating the crane, and thus by the one operation the first covers are withdrawn from the mold and the second are brought approximately in line with the open sides of the mold-bodies. The said second cover being raised alittlehigher,the bodies are then pushed toward the molds, the hooks m passing over the lugs t. Then the crane is lowered and the said second covers are brought into intimate connection with said mold-bodies. The metal for the second casting is immediately poured through the opening 9 against the first casting, the said metal becoming welded to or so intimately united to the first casting as to be integral therewith, though still possessing a varying quality therefrom. By pouring the thin layer of metal from the top the said layer is not allowed to chill and thus form an imperfect union. By thus casting the larger layer from below and the thin layer from above I secure an improved article, as will be evident. The compound ingot having been thus cast, the second cover is removed and drawn back to a position for subsequent use. A chain of the crane is then adjusted to the body of the mold, the keys holding said bodies to the bed-plate are loosened up, and the said moldbodies are drawn away from the. ingot, leaving the latter standing. the bottom of the said mold-body being open to allow such withdrawal, as will be understood upon reference to Fig. 4.

The crane is or may be operated by a hydraulic piston, u, and cylinder 12 in any usual manner.

Having thus described theinvention, what I claim as new isl. Theimproved mold for casting compound ingots herein described, combining with a mold-body having three integral or inseparable side plates and a top plate with a vent therein, said mold-body being without an integral or inseparable bottom and fourth side, a suitable foundation or bottom and separable plates or covers f and 9, adapted to close the said fourth side, one of the said plates or covers forming aehamber, 9 for asecond casting, and means, substantially as described, for drawing said covers and said mold-body from the ingot, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the foundation or bed I), of a mold-body having lugs 01, separable plates f g, and bolts Z, having stays or books m, which engage the said lugs Land keys 0. which pass through said bolts and engage said covers to draw the latter into intimate engage ment with the said body, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. Theimproved apparatusforforming compound ingots, combining therein a mold-body having three sideplates and open at the fourth side or without a fourth inseparable side plate and without a bottom, a foundation or bed to receive said body and close the bottom open ing, and covers or plates f g to close said fourth side, one of said covers or plates forming a chamber, and a crane connected with said covers by chains of unequal length, all said parts being arranged and combined substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination, with a suitable bed or foundation having ducts or runners therein, of a mold-body having three side plates and without a fourth side and without a bottom, and covers or platesf and g, the latter forming the chamber 9 and being provided with the opening 9 at the top to allow an entrance of a downpouring of metal to the Said chamber 9, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination, with a suitable foundation or bed and a mold-body having one side and the bottom open or without inseparable plates, of separable covers or plates f 9, one of which forms a chamber, 9, chains of differing lengths connecting said covers or platesf g to a crane, and said crane for raising said covers and said mold-body away from the ingot, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 29th day of June, 1888.

JOHN ILLINGWVORTH.

Witnesses: 7

CHARLES H. PELL, CONSTANOE H. BALDWIN. 

